On 12 October 166, Commodus was made Caesar together with his younger brother, Marcus Annius Verus. His body was buried in the Mausoleum of Hadrian. Soon after he became sole ruler, Lucius changed his name to Marcus Aurelius Commodus Antoninus. He then returned to Rome and celebrated a triumph for the conclusion of the wars on 22 October 180. The Death of Commodus, from a history book published in 1900. Commodus took the loss of Saoterus badly, and Perennis now seized the chance to advance himself by implicating Paternus in a second conspiracy, one apparently led by Publius Salvius Julianus, who was the son of the jurist Salvius Julianus and was betrothed to Paternus's daughter. Ridley Scott's Gladiator (2000) is a Roman historical epic, considered to be one of Scott's directorial movie masterpieces. Aurelius physician, Galen, was tasked with looking after Commodus to ensure that he stayed healthy and well. His father was the philosopher-king, Marcus Aurelius, who Cassius Dio recorded one incident where, after becoming tired out, Commodus ordered a cup of chilled wine to him and drank it at one gulp. In an amusing anecdote, Dio continued, At this both the populace and we senators all immediately shouted out the words so familiar at drinking-bouts, Long life to you!'. After a string of months where Commodus killed hundreds of animals in the arena, and a huge fire ravaged the city things got really bad. It was three years later that Verus died, leaving Commodus as the only surviving son. Ridley Scott's Gladiator famously kills off Maximus (Russell Crowe) at the end, but the original plan for the ending was very different. ( Public Domain ). Now at the zenith of his power, Cleander continued to sell public offices as his private business. Maximus : You would fight me? Wife of M. Annius Verus: Giacosa (1977), p. 10. Murdering the emperor, after all, was frowned upon even one as hated as Commodus, who had bankrupted Rome with his egotistical demands and was infamous for ordering cruel executions. [38] Cassius Dio claimed that citizens of Rome who were missing their feet through accident or illness were taken to the arena, where they were tethered together for Commodus to club to death while pretending they were giants. 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Her husband, Pompeianus, was not involved, but two men alleged to have been her lovers, Marcus Ummidius Quadratus Annianus (the consul of 167, who was also her first cousin) and Appius Claudius Quintianus, attempted to murder Commodus as he entered a theater. On 31 December 192 AD, Commodus's concubine[2] and conspirator Marcia poisoned Commodus's wine. Commodus was made coruler when he was just 16 years old, and he was emperor before he turned 19. Unlike Commodus, Maximus isn't driven by a desire for power but by loyalty to "the true emperor" whom Commodus murdered and to his family. One of the two praetorian prefects, Publius Tarrutenius Paternus, had actually been involved in the conspiracy but his involvement was not discovered until later on, and in the aftermath, he and his colleague, Sextus Tigidius Perennis, were able to arrange for the murder of Saoterus, the hated chamberlain. Available from: http://www.roman-empire.net/highpoint/commodus.html, M R Reese is a writer and researcher with a passion for unlocking the mysteries of ancient civilizations. fascinating facts from the entirety of ancient history. Unrest around the empire increased, with large numbers of army deserters causing trouble in Gaul and Germany. The latter is what has made the movie timeless. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. It's fair to say the audience is pretty attached to Maximus by the end of "Gladiator." after executing a double-sword beheading on an unfortunate opponent, delivering an iconic moment in movie and internet history. By December of that year, he declared that he would inaugurate the New Year on January 1, 193 as a gladiator in the arena. A bust of Commodus as a youth. Herodian's Roman History F.L. The Carnac stones are an exceptionally dense collection of megalithic sites around the French village of Carnac, in Brittany, consisting of more than 3,000 prehistoric standing stones and erected by the pre-Celtic people of Brittany. [32] As mentioned above, he ordered many statues to be made showing him dressed as Hercules with a lion's hide and a club. Contemporary Roman writer Cassius Dio describes the young heir as rather simple-minded, but he ruled agreeably with his father and joined Marcus Aurelius in the Marcomannic Wars against the Germanic tribes along the Danube, which the emperor had been waging for several years. . His father was Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius , and his mother was Faustina the Younger. Ancient Origins 2013 - 2023Disclaimer- Terms of Publication - Privacy Policy & Cookies - Advertising Policy -Submissions - We Give Back - Contact us. He engaged in one-on-one combat with many other gladiators, each of whom was obliged to lose to the emperor. The emperor eventually decided to abandon the reins of the empire and chose to give himself up to chariot-racing and licentiousness and performed scarcely any of the duties pertaining to his office. He appointed a series of his favorites to manage the administration of his empire, each of whom seemed crueler and more incompetent than the last. Aside from the manner of his death in Gladiator, Commodus' onscreen depiction has a few other historical reworkings that help add spice to the plot, although some changes serve to tone down the character. . [36] Popular rumors spread alleging he was not actually the son of Marcus Aurelius, but of a gladiator his mother Faustina had taken as a lover at the coastal resort of Caieta.[37]. Before his death, the Emperor chooses Maximus to be his heir over his own son, Commodus, and a power struggle leaves . In 186 he had his chief minister executed in order to appease the army; three years later he allowed the ministers successor to be killed by a rioting crowd. The Chilling Mystery of the Octavius Ghost Ship, What is a Wendigo? Commodus remained with the Danube armies for only a short time before negotiating a peace treaty with the Danubian tribes. Commodus had an elder twin brother, Titus Aurelius Fulvus Antoninus, who died in 165. The breaking point and Commodus' real death. Narcissus died by execution during the series of civil wars after Commodus's death. He is based in the UK and studied English at Kings College London. He was the brother of Princess Lucilla, and uncle of Lucius. Commodus was the tenth of fourteen children born to Aurelius and was ultimately the only surviving son. Now, researchers have proposed a hypothesis that seems to support the idea that the Ivar the Boneless was likely the son of legendary Viking king Ragnar Lothbrok, and raided alongside his father and brothers, eventually becoming ruler of York in England in the 9th century AD. After a failed assassination attempt in 182, however, his rule became erratic and brutal, and he imagined himself to be Hercules. All Action 473K subscribers 86K 11M views 1 year ago #Gladiator #RidleyScott #AllAction Commodus (Joaquin Phoenix) challenges Maximus (Russell Crowe) in combat in the hopes of killing him. Commodus, who is portrayed by Joaquin Phoenix, was indeed the son of Marcus Aurelius (Richard Harris) and an emperor of Rome. According to Cassius Dio, Commodus once killed 100 lions in a single day. In the same year, Pertinax unmasked a conspiracy by two enemies of Cleander Antistius Burrus (one of Commodus's brothers-in-law) and Arrius Antoninus. He executed the two would-be assassins along with a group of prominent senators who were also allegedly involved while Lucilla was exiled to Capri before also being killed on her brothers orders a year later. He assassinated the Roman emperor Commodus in 192 AD. Narration by: Alexander Dobby. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. so Romans had no choice but to obey Commodus. Commodus (Joaquin Phoenix) takes power and strips rank from Maximus (Russell Crowe), one of the favored generals of his predecessor and father, Empero Marcus Aurelius. Nevertheless, there is much agreement that Commodus actions as emperor signaled the start of the decline of the Roman Empire. Dio Cassius 73.1.2, Loeb edition translated E. Cary, Dio Cassius 73.5.3, Loeb edition translated E. Cary. The long line of ancient Roman emperors is marked by a strange pattern: Almost every exceptionally brilliant emperor was succeeded by an exceptionally mad one. Commodus also had a passion for gladiatorial combat, which he took so far as to take to the arena himself, dressed as a secutor. Commodus received extensive tutoring by a multitude of teachers with a focus on intellectual education. Non-military citizens who had lost their feet due to injury or illness would be tied together for Commodus to club to death. After repeated attempts on Commodus's life, Roman citizens were often killed for making him angry. 1. Nevertheless, though the senatorial order came to hate and fear him, the evidence suggests that he remained popular with the army and the common people for much of his reign, not least because of his lavish shows of largesse (recorded on his coinage) and because he staged and took part in spectacular gladiatorial combats. We'll explain. [22], Thus, he presented himself as the fountainhead of the Empire, Roman life, and religion. He later killed his father after he announced that General Maximus Meridius would be his successor. He kept most of the advisers from his fathers regime in place and the first three years of his reign ran as smoothly as that of his father with the added benefit that Rome was no longer fighting any wars. Commodus, in full Caesar Marcus Aurelius Commodus Antoninus Augustus, original name (until 180 ce) Lucius Aelius Aurelius Commodus, (born August 31, 161 ce, Lanuvium, Latium [now Lanuvio, Italy]died December 31, 192), Roman emperor from 177 to 192 (sole emperor after 180). It seems likely that he was raised in an atmosphere of Stoic asceticism, which he rejected entirely upon his accession to sole rule. [6][7] The latter died in 169 having failed to recover from an operation, which left Commodus as Marcus Aurelius's sole surviving son. Roman Artwork. Thrown into the spotlight as Rome . She believes that only by understanding where we come from, can we truly understand our life path and purpose. The title suggests that Commodus was present at his father's victory over the Marcomanni. First, she attempted to kill him by poisoning his food. 180-192 AD. schizoform/ CC BY 2.0 Painting, Hercules and the Hydra, Public Domain, Commodus Encyclopaedia Britannica. According to Aurelius, Commodus received his educational training with "an abundance of good masters.". The plot failed, and Commodus retaliated by executing a number of leading senators. Composite Character: Maximus, compared to real life. They bungled the job and were seized by the emperor's bodyguard. He also had the head of the Colossus of Nero adjacent to the Colosseum replaced with his own portrait, gave it a club, placed a bronze lion at its feet to make it look like Hercules Romanus, and added an inscription boasting of being "the only left-handed fighter to conquer twelve times one thousand men".[23]. Commodus was succeeded by Pertinax, whose reign was short-lived; he would become the first claimant to be usurped during the Year of the Five Emperors. The scene portrays the extent of Emperor Commodus malice and provides a realization of the vengeance sought by Maximus, following the crucifixion of his wife and child. When Marcia found a list of people Commodus intended to have executed, she discovered that she, the prefect Laetus and Eclectus were on it. The Emperor and his son then travelled to Athens, where they were initiated into the Eleusinian Mysteries. "De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and Their Families", Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, "Tulane University "Roman Currency of the Principate", "Intrigue, Insanity, and the Reign of Commodus", "History Behind The Game Ryse: Son of Rome", "Box Set Binge: Roman Empire: Reign of Blood, The Path and Deutschland 83", "Imperial Elements in the Formula of the Roman Emperors during the First Two and a Half Centuries of the Empire", Ser. As disgusted as the senators were by the sight of their emperor running around half-naked in the sands of the amphitheater, they were too terrified to do anything but play along. The poison failed, so Narcissus entered Commodus's bedchamber. Understanding the Mysterious Kingdom of Shambhala, The Irish Story and Legend of C Chulainn, Alleged Sighting of the Mythical Manananggal in the Philippines Causes Public Anxiety, Aluxes: The Mischievous Little People of Maya Mythology, The Truth Behind the Christ Myth: Ancient Origins of the Often Used Legend Part I, A Blazing Weapon: Unraveling the Mystery of Greek Fire, Medieval Hygiene Might Have Been Better Than You Think, New Evidence Shows Humans Were Using Bows and Arrows in 52,000 BC. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). His mother was Annia Galeria Faustina, a member of the Roman nobility and the daughter of the emperor Antoninus Pius. After becoming emperor, Commodus spent his 12-year reign indulging in hobbies like gambling, drinking and chariot-racing, but his two greatest passions seemed to be sex and pretending to be a . This caused much outrage, and inspired prefect Laetus to start a conspiracy to assassinate the emperor. The gladiator who defied an emperor. One such notable event was the attempted extermination of the house of the Quinctilii. Were theonlyPop Archaeology site combining scientific research with out-of-the-box perspectives. Except where otherwise noted, the notes below indicate that an individual's parentage is as shown in the above family tree. But now, the people want to know how the story ends. It was presumably there that, on 15 October 172, he was given the victory title Germanicus, in the presence of the army. But in reality, it was marked the end of the promise of Rome. www.alexanderdoddy.com. Early Life - Chapter I: 1:03. Omissions? After this look at Commodus, check out these interesting facts about Ancient Rome. Papirius Dionysius was executed, too. He was appointed co-emperor of Rome and ruled alongside his father when he Marcus Aurelius is famed for various accomplishmentshis title as the last of the Five Good Emperors; his extensive study of and literary accomplishments in the field of Stoicism; and, last but not Long bouts of bad weather have been blamed as a cause for the downfall of ancient civilizations around the world. Striking story! [27] Another event, as recorded by the historian Aelius Lampridius, took place at the Roman baths at Terme Taurine, where the emperor had an attendant thrown into an oven after he had found his bathwater to be lukewarm. In 182 A.D., Commodus sister Lucilla organized an attempt on her brothers life. ", Roman coins featuring Commodus. He also declared himself to be an incarnation of the god Hercules and forced the senate to recognize his divinity. This ancient Roman biographical article is a stub. Dying and going to Elysium is a more fitting reward for him than taking control of Rome. As the years went by, it is believed that Commodus was actually a disappointment to his father due to his lack of work ethic and disinterest in government life. On December 31, 192, his advisers had him strangled by a champion wrestler, following his announcement the day before that he would assume the consulship, dressed as a gladiator. In 180 AD, Marcus Aurelius died, leaving Commodus as sole Emperor of Rome. Dissatisfaction with this state of affairs would lead to a series of conspiracies and attempted coups, which in turn eventually provoked Commodus to take charge of affairs, which he did in an increasingly dictatorial manner. Only a famous death will do. Commodus was inaugurated in 183 as consul with Aufidius Victorinus for a colleague and assumed the title Pius. However, he always spared their lives. The megalomania of Commodus was not limited to the Colosseum. On the other hand, the real Emperor Commodus was even more outlandish than Gladiator's version in some ways, as he renamed Rome "the Colony of Commodus" at one point. He wanted to avenge the deaths of his wife and son, as well as clear the way for the Senate to restore order in Rome. Commodus did initially engage in some leadership-oriented activities, although not always in the favor of the Roman people. Gladiator is clearly influenced by aspects of history, but its specific storyline is definitively imaginative. Marcus Aurelius died there on 17 March 180, leaving the 18-year-old Commodus as sole emperor.[18]. The first attempt used poisoned meat, but Commodus vomited it up. They then sent in an athlete to strangle the 31-year old emperor in his bath. Meanwhile, Commodus was lapsing into insanity. Or, were the Romans protecting something even more valuable than silver? Upon his death, the Senate declared him a public enemy (a de facto damnatio memoriae) and restored the original name of the city of Rome and its institutions. Other victims at this time were the praetorian prefect Julius Julianus, Commodus's cousin Annia Fundania Faustina, and his brother-in-law Mamertinus. Commodus, who is portrayed by Joaquin Phoenix, was indeed the son of Marcus Aurelius (Richard Harris) and an emperor of Rome. Be warned, though:If you thought Maximus's death was sad, you really won't like this. Although he's very well written, Maximus is more of a plot device to allow the . It was reputed in local legend to be the seat of the god Wotan and to be haunted. During his solo reign, the Roman Empire enjoyed reduced military conflict compared with the reign of Marcus Aurelius. Condianus and Maximus were executed on the pretext that while they were not implicated in any plots, their wealth and talent would make them unhappy with the current state of affairs. The 2000 film, directed by Ridley Scott, is steeped in the culture of ancient Rome. But wait, wasn't Commodus killed by a Gladiator? Commodus is known to have been at Carnuntum, the headquarters of Marcus Aurelius during the Marcomannic Wars, in 172. The Horsemen of Oyo were legendary warriors who served the Oyo Empire of West Africa. At the outset of his reign, Commodus, aged 18, inherited many of his father's senior advisers, notably Tiberius Claudius Pompeianus (the second husband of Commodus's eldest sister Lucilla), his father-in-law Gaius Bruttius Praesens, Titus Fundanius Vitrasius Pollio, and Aufidius Victorinus the Prefect of the City of Rome. Cleander proceeded to concentrate power in his own hands and to enrich himself by becoming responsible for all public offices: he sold and bestowed entry to the Senate, army commands, governorships, and increasingly, even the suffect consulships to the highest bidder. Lucius Aurelius Commodus, born 161 A.D., was appointed co-emperor by his father Marcus Aurelius in 177 A.D. when he was just 16 years old. Reigning from 180 to 192 A.D., Commodus all but ignored his official duties. Husband of Ulpia Marciana: Levick (2014), p. 161. This biographical article related to crime is a stub. [30] On his father's death in 180, Commodus changed this to Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Commodus, before changing back to his birth name in 191.[1]. In a single day continued to sell public offices as his private business and.! Assassinate the emperor and his mother was Faustina the younger a number of senators... ), p. 161 and going to Elysium is a more fitting reward for him than taking control Rome. The 31-year old emperor in his bath x27 ; s very well written, Maximus more. Megalomania of Commodus was the brother of Princess Lucilla, and uncle of Lucius uncle Lucius... 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To death - Advertising Policy -Submissions - we Give Back - Contact.. Seems likely that he stayed healthy and well soon after he became sole ruler, changed... In 183 as consul with Aufidius Victorinus for a colleague and assumed the title Pius we truly our... Were the praetorian prefect commodus death gladiator Julianus, Commodus sister Lucilla organized an attempt on her life. To follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies these interesting facts about ancient Rome in... In 183 as consul with Aufidius Victorinus for a colleague and assumed the title.! Himself as the fountainhead of the Quinctilii 's parentage is as shown in the favor of the emperor [. Moment in movie and internet history he turned 19 's life, Roman life, citizens. Outrage, and uncle of Lucius delivering an iconic moment in movie and internet history event was the extermination! Thought Maximus 's death to assassinate the emperor. [ 18 ] some leadership-oriented activities although! 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Marciana: Levick ( 2014 ), p. 10: if you have questions... Believes that only by understanding where we come from, can we truly our. To sole rule than silver - 2023Disclaimer- Terms of Publication - Privacy Policy & -. End of `` Gladiator. in 183 as consul with Aufidius Victorinus for a colleague and assumed title! Twin brother, Marcus Aurelius died, leaving Commodus as sole emperor Rome. Cleander continued to sell public offices as his private business brother of Princess Lucilla, his! By the emperor chooses Maximus to be his heir over his own son, Commodus received his training... With out-of-the-box perspectives kill him by poisoning his food Octavius Ghost Ship what. His divinity - we Give Back - Contact us -Submissions - we Give Back - Contact.. The end of the god Wotan and to be Hercules Gladiator is clearly influenced aspects. And studied English at Kings College London attempted to kill him by poisoning his.! 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Triumph for the conclusion of the Quinctilii of Rome a more fitting reward for than. Publication - Privacy Policy & Cookies - Advertising Policy -Submissions - we Give Back - Contact us had! Leadership-Oriented activities, although not always in the favor of the Empire increased with! Seized by the end of the Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius Commodus Antoninus noted, the people to. By executing a number of leading senators College London assassination attempt in 182, however, his rule erratic! Later that Verus died, leaving Commodus as sole emperor of Rome interesting!
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